Piriformis Syndrome

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Piriformis Syndrome

Piriformis syndrome is a condition that causes pain, numbness, or tingling in the buttock that can radiate down the back of the leg. It occurs when the piriformis muscle, located deep within the buttock, irritates or compresses the sciatic nerve. Our eight non-surgical physicians most commonly diagnose piriformis syndrome through a physical examination and X-rays.

What Is Piriformis Syndrome?

Piriformis syndrome is pain and neurological symptoms that begin in the buttock and travel down the back of the leg. The discomfort occurs because the piriformis muscle, which helps with hip rotation, becomes tight, irritated, or inflamed and places pressure on the sciatic nerve that passes just beneath it.

What Causes It?

Piriformis syndrome develops when the piriformis muscle becomes irritated or damaged. This may occur due to:

  • Overuse or repetitive activity
  • Trauma or a fall onto the buttock
  • Prolonged sitting
  • Muscle imbalances
  • Tightness or swelling of the piriformis muscle

When the piriformis muscle spasms or becomes inflamed, it can compress the sciatic nerve, resulting in pain, numbness, and tingling.

Signs and Symptoms

The primary symptom of piriformis syndrome is sciatica, which refers to pain or neurological symptoms that travel along the sciatic nerve. Symptoms may include:

  • Pain in the buttock
  • Radiating pain down the back of the leg
  • Numbness, tingling, or weakness in the leg
  • Pain that worsens with sitting
  • Increased discomfort during physical activity
  • Difficulty sitting comfortably for long periods

Symptoms may start gradually or suddenly, depending on the cause.

Non-Surgical Treatment

Most patients improve with conservative treatment options. These may include:

  • Rest and activity modification
  • Ice or heat therapy
  • Anti-inflammatory medications
  • Physical therapy focused on hip flexibility and strengthening
  • Piriformis-specific stretches and strengthening exercises

A personalized treatment plan can help reduce inflammation, relieve pressure on the sciatic nerve, and restore pain-free mobility.

To request an appointment online, CLICK HERE or contact Andrews Sports Medicine & Orthopaedic Center at (205) 939-3699.

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